Welcome to the UCSC Genome Browser workshop!
Many thanks to ASHG for inviting us.

These instructions are designed to help you follow along with the tutorial. At certain places within the tutorial, links are provided to help you see what your browser page should look like at that place. Please feel free to ask questions as we progress. If we do not get through all the steps, that means that a lively session has taken place and we departed from the script. That is a good thing. We hope you find the session worthwhile and leave with a sense at least of what the Browser is and does, if not necessarily a full understanding of how to do everything. After the workshop, when you're playing with the browser on your own, Help is available via our mailing list.

Click HERE for the Wednesday Introductory session.
Click HERE for the Thursday Advanced session.

This session will focus on navigation and how to use the Genome Browser to get information about genes.

1. Open a Genome Browser in a separate window by visiting genome.ucsc.edu. If you are using a windows-based computer, you can toggle back and forth between this page the browser window page using Alt-Tab. On a Mac: use Command (apple)-backtick (cmd-`).
2. Click the Genome Browser link in either the top bar or the left bar.
3. In case you have used the browser before, let's all start at the same place.
   Click: Click here to reset the browser user interface settings to their defaults.
4. Use the assembly pulldown to select the Mar 2006 human assembly (hg18).
5. Hit the Submit button to go to the hg18 browser.
6. Here is a Clinical Report from a microarray test on a patient, which we will use in this exercise. We will investigate this report to see what we can learn about the microdeletion region.
7. Back at the Browser window, turn off all tracks using the hide all button.
8. Beneath the now blank image, find the UCSC Genes track in the Gene and Gene Prediction track group. Use the pull-down to set this track to pack. Hit any of the refresh buttons.
9. Type or copy/paste 22q11.21 into the position/search box. Hit the jump button.
   The image will redraw at that chromosome band: 4.2 Mb. The Chromosome Band track will automatically open.
10. Type or copy/paste chr22:17086001-19835417 into the position/search box. Hit the jump button.
    The image will open to that location (2.75 Mb).
11. Type or copy/paste 192430 into the Position box. The Genome Browser returns a search results page with all items matching that number. Choose the first item in the list: 192430 at chr22:18124226-18134855. The OMIM Gene track is on, and OMIM Gene 192430 is highlighted.
12. Press the zoom out 10x button. (106 Kb).
13. Click the label that says "192430" or the blue box to the right — this box shows the location of the actual gene annotation.
    This will take you to the details page for that gene.
14. Click this link: OMIM Database: 192430
    This will take you to the OMIM website for that gene.
    Close the OMIM window.
15. Click this link to go to the UCSC Genes details page:
    UCSC Canonical Gene uc002zqa.1: Homo sapiens T-box 1 (TBX1), transcript variant C, mRNA.
    Close this window to return to the main browser window.
16. Click the Genome Browser link in blue bar at top of window (better than the back button, and goes to the same place.)
    At this point, your browser should look like this:
    
    If it doesn't, you can click here to catch up.

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17. To the far left of the data tracks (browser image with white background) are a series of vertical gray and blue boxes (mini-buttons). Click on the little blue mini-button to the left of the OMIM track in the Browser image.
    This will take you to the track configuration page.
18. Click on the radio button: OMIM gene or syndrome. Press Submit button.
    The OMIM gene names will appear in the image, where available.
19. Type or copy/paste DiGeorge into the position/search box.
    Click the third item in the search results list: DGCR8 (uc002zri.1) at chr22:18447834-18479400 - DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8.
20. Zoom out 10x (twice).
21. Click the gray mini-button to the left of the UCSC Genes track.
    This will take you to the UCSC Genes track configuration page.
22. Uncheck the splice variants checkbox. Press Submit. One variant per gene unclutters the screen.
    Note that you will sometimes lose highlighting if you have chosen a different variant.
23. Scroll down the screen to the Track Controls below the image.
    Click the + sign in the blue bar, Phenotype and Disease Associations.
24. Turn on the GAD View track (Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders) to pack with the pull-down. Hit refresh.
    At this point, your browser should look like this:
    
    If it doesn't, you can click here to catch up.

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25. Click the top-most mini-button on the left side of the image. This will take you to the track controls for the Base Position track.
26. Check the two boxes: Display assembly and position at the bottom of the configuration section. Then press Submit.
27. Use the drag-n-zoom feature to zoom into the region around the TBX1 gene in the GAD track:
    Position your mouse near the 6 of 2006 in the assembly name in the Base Position track at the very top of the browser image. Click and hold, then drag to the right to the first 2 of chr22: in the position part at the top of the image. Note that both the coordinates in the position/search box and the size of the region change as you drag.
    Release the mouse. The image will resize to the coordinates you have just requested.
28. Click on the red box in the GAD track labeled TBX1. This will take you to the GAD View track details page.
29. Click into any of the links at the top of the page for access to relevant biomedical literature:
    - Genetic Association Database: TBX1
    - CDC HuGE Published Literature: TBX1
    Close these extra windows.
30. Click the Genome Browser link in blue bar at top of window to return to the main browser page.
31. Users of the Genome Browser often find that their gene of interest maps to the "bottom" strand of the reference assembly. An example of such a gene is the GNBL1 gene at the right side of screen. This orientation is indicated by the left-pointing carets in the intron regions.
    Click the reverse button below the browser image to view the image in the opposite direction.
    Click it again to return to "normal" direction.
32. Scroll down the page to the stack of blue bars in the Track Controls and open the Variation and Repeats section with the + sign.
33. Turn on the SNP130 track (Simple Nucleotide Polymorphisms from dbSNP) to pack using the pull-down. Then click refresh.
34. Locate the group of OMIM annotations in the middle of the browser image (three blue bars and one red, stacked together).
    Use drag-n-zoom to bracket these annotations. Note that the SNP track now shows individual SNPs.

At this point, your browser should look like this:

If it doesn't, you can click here to catch up.

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35. Notice the large exon near the center of the screen with two green SNPs in it: (one is rs72646952). (Read about the color scheme in the usual place: Configuration page via the mini-button). Bracket that exon with the drag-n-zoom and fill the screen with it.
    Notice the small two-headed arrows on the right and left edges of the image (in the TBX1 gene introns).
    Hover your mouse over them to see which exon is next (off-screen).
36. Click the double-arrow at the right side. Your window size remains the same, but exon 4 is now in view. Note the red SNP. It is a non-synonomous (missense) SNP in exon 4.
37. Click directly on the red SNP (rs28939675) and see the details about it, including:

     Coding annotations by dbSNP:
     NM_005992: missense F (TTC) --> Y (TAC)
    
     UCSC's predicted function relative to selected gene tracks:
     UCSC Genes	TBX1 (uc002zqc.1)	missense F (TTC) --> Y (TAC) 

38. Return using Gene Browser link.
39. Fill the screen with just this exon using drag-n-zoom. Note the amino acids appear at the top of the display when zoomed closely enough.
40. In the track controls of the Genes and Gene Prediction Tracks group, turn on the Transmap track to show. Note that several organisms have mRNAs with amino acid variation in this exon (mouse, Xenopus tropicalis, zebrafish).
41. Click into one of these, then click on the long link in the middle of the page that looks similar to this (works for the human mRNAs track, too):

     SIZE IDENTITY CHROMOSOME  STRAND    START     END              QUERY      START  END  TOTAL
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1317   72.0%         22     +  18128367  18134272       NM_183339.1-1.1   361  1693  2369 

42. Click the "together" link at the bottom of the list in the frame on the left to see something similar to:

     Side by Side Alignment
    
     00000361 atgatttcagcaatatcaagcccgtggctgacgcagctgtcccatttttg 00000410
     >>>>>>>> ||||| || ||  | || ||||||||||| |||||||| || ||||| || >>>>>>>>
     18128367 atgatctccgccgtgtccagcccgtggctcacgcagctctcgcatttctg 18128416 

43. Click your browser's back button until you are back at the browser image (probably three times).
44. Click the mini-button to the left of the lower of the three TransMap subtracks.
45. Unclick the accession checkbox (leaving only the common name box checked. Submit.
    Now it is easier to read the species names of the orthologs.
    At this point, your browser should look like this:
    
    If it doesn't, you can click here to see where we ended up.
46. Just for fun, click on the double-headed right-arrow to see the next exon. Amino acid diffrences that strongly affect the polarity are indicated with a stronger color.

1. Click the Home link at the very top of the browser.
2. Click the Mirrors link in the left-side blue bar. This is where you go to use the browser during earthquakes.

   Santa Cruz was the epicenter of the Oct. 17, 1989 "San Francisco" earthquake — if you want to use the Browser during the next earthquake, you should bookmark the mirror sites before the earth starts to shake! Or bookmark our Wikipedia page.

3. Return (Back or Home).
4. Click the Contact Us link in the left-side blue bar.
   If you have questions, try "Search the Genome mailing list archives:"
   Then, if you still have questions, try the mailing list: genome@soe.ucsc.edu. This is a public list (that's where you search above), so be aware that your question will be public and searchable by all.
   Return (Back or Home).